1 American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Hemorrhoids (PPH
patient brochure). Copyright 1996.
2 The American Gastroenterological Association. “Hemorrhoids.” [Online]
9 January 2003. www.gastro.org/clinicalRes/brochures/hemorrhoids.html.
Copyright 2002.
3 Stapled hemorrhoidectomy – cost and effectiveness. Randomized,
controlled trial including incontinence scoring, anorectal manometry, and
endoanal ultrasound assessments at up to three months. Ho YH, Cheong WK, Tsang
C, et al. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum, Vol. 43, No. 12, pp.1666-1675
4 Circumfrential mucosectomy (stapled haemorrhoidectomy) versus
conventional haemorrhoidectomy: randomized controlled trial. Rowsell M, et al,
The Lancet, Vol 355 Mar 4 2000 pp 781-789
5 Prospective randomized multicentre trial comparing stapled with open
haemorrhoidectomy. Ganio E, Altomare F, Gabrielli F, et al. British Journal of
Surgery 2001, Vol. 88, pp. 669-674
6 MEDSTAT and Bleday, et. al; “Symptomatic Hemorrhoids: current
incidence and complications of operative therapy,” Disc. Colon Rectum, May
1992 (PPH patient brochure).
